![]() ![]() Literary forms that appeared in the nineteenth century, such as detective and science fiction novels, have become world literary forms. Jules Verne's novels offer relevant nineteenth-century examples in the twentieth century, Carlos Fuentes's Terra Nostra views world history since the sixteenth century as global and exemplifies the connections of global history, evocations of nations and places, and the totalizing potentials of the novel as genre. This tradition includes many kinds of works with explicit and non-problematic representations of globalization. These issues and their critical frames are often partially denied because the notion and reality of globalization are neither new nor clearly definable (5), and because the alliance of globalization and literary works is considered a tradition that started with modern globalization in the nineteenth century. The mutual implications and exclusions of the notions of local, singular, and global, and of most realities they designate, eventually command a kind of general relativistic approach to the world itself (4) which should prompt us to revise our usual approaches to globalization. They have referred to wide critical frames such as postmodern, postcolonial, diasporic or political and philosophical paradigms such as Empire (2) or general intellect (3) and finally anthropological perspectives. The issues attached to the three notions of local, universal, and global, and their effects on and use in literary works have been addressed from many perspectives: national, transnational, cultural, multicultural, social, economic, literary, and ideological. Let us remark that the universal, to which globalization is often assimilated, is first to be contrasted with the singular, and that the local has no direct logic or semantic opposite-global, the root of the modern "globalization," is not the strict antonym of local. (1) Consequently, it will be wise to avoid binary approaches to the duality of the local and the global. ![]() Globalization is an economic fact and should be qualified as obviously imagined, since no one has ever seen the globalized world, as Nestor Garcia Canclini wrote in La Globalizacion imaginada. Let us stress that this identification equates the universal with universalism and its many exemplifications, ideologies and imaginations. Jonathan Hart invites us to consider the duality of the local and the universal and its application to literary works in our age of globalization the latter is likely to make us consider this duality as irrelevant since a global or multinational world is, per se, often identified to the universal. APA style: How Can Literature Respond to a Global Age? From Globalization to Universality and the Poetics of Partial Connections with References to David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas.How Can Literature Respond to a Global Age? From Globalization to Universality and the Poetics of Partial Connections with References to David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas." Retrieved from 2017 Wuhan Guoyang Union Culture & Education Company 18 Jul. MLA style: "How Can Literature Respond to a Global Age? From Globalization to Universality and the Poetics of Partial Connections with References to David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas." The Free Library.
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